glutathione synthetase การใช้

• This gene provides instructions for making the enzyme glutathione synthetase.
• In humans, glutathione synthetase functions in a similar manner.
• This dipeptide is then condensed with glycine by glutathione synthetase to form glutathione.
• Mutations in the " GSS " gene cause glutathione synthetase deficiency.
• Glutathione synthetase is important for a variety of biological functions in multiple organisms.
• It is formed by glutamate cysteine ligase and used by glutathione synthetase to form glutathione.
• It is important to note that because glutathione synthetase deficiency is so rare, it is poorly understood.
• Treatment of individuals with glutathione synthetase deficiency generally involve therapeutic treatments to address mild to severe symptoms and conditions.
• Crystalline structures have shown glutathione synthetase bound to GSH, ADP, two magnesium ions, and a sulfate ion.
• As of late 2007, 3 D-alanine : D-alanine ligase, biotin carboxylase, and glutathione synthetase.
• Patients with mutations in the " GSS " gene develop glutathione synthetase ( GSS ) deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder.
• In " Arabidopsis thaliana ", low levels of glutathione synthetase have resulted in increased vulnerability to stressors such as reduced to regenerate thiols.
• For example, the tripeptide glutathione is synthesized in two steps from free amino acids, by two enzymes : gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase.
• The glutathione synthesis pathway is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase, which contains the catalytic GCLC and regulatory GCLM, and glutathione synthetase ( GSS ).
• Mutations in the " GSS " gene prevent cells from making adequate levels of glutathione, leading to the signs and symptoms of glutathione synthetase deficiency.
• GCL is exclusively located in plastids, and glutathione synthetase ( GS ) is dual-targeted to plastids and cytosol, thus GSH and gamma-glutamylcysteine are exported from the plastids.
• GPx1 typically uses glutathione ( GSH ) as the reductant, but when glutathione synthetase ( GSS ) is, as in brain mitochondria, ?-glutamylcysteine can serve as the reductant instead.
• In contrast to ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione synthetase accepts a large variety of glutamyl-modified analogs of ?-glutamylcysteine, but is much more specific for cysteine-modified analogs of ?-glutamylcysteine.
• The activity of GSTs is dependent upon a steady supply of GSH from the synthetic enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, as well as the action of specific transporters to remove conjugates of GSH from the cell.